A model for excellence in Muhammadiyah school management based on Islam and Muhammadiyah Principles
Abstract
Purpose – The implementation of Al-Islam and Kemuhammadiyahan (AIK) is a key characteristic of Muhammadiyah’s educational system. The implementation of AIK in Muhammadiyah schools still tends to focus on teaching the AIK subject and has not yet been fully and systematically integrated into school management functions. This study aims to develop a model for excellence in Muhammadiyah school management based on Al-Islam and Kemuhammadiyahan (AIK) through the integration of AIK values into the functions of planning, organizing, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating education.
Method – This study employs a qualitative approach using a case study design at SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Palembang, an exemplary Muhammadiyah school. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with the principal, vice principal, AIK teachers, subject teachers, educational staff, students, and Muhammadiyah Association officials. Data was also obtained through observations of the school culture and document analysis. The data were analyzed using the interactive model developed by Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, which includes data condensation, data presentation, and the drawing and verification of conclusions.
Findings – The research findings indicate that AIK-based school management is implemented through the integration of AIK values into all functions of school management, including planning, organizing, executing, monitoring, and evaluating. This integration is realized through the alignment of the school’s vision, mission, and programs with AIK values; the division of tasks and coordination among all school components; learning, habit formation, exemplary behavior, and school culture; as well as supervision, monitoring, evaluation, and follow-up.
Implications – The research findings indicate that the integration of AIK into school management supports the creation of an educational environment that fosters students’ character development, particularly in the areas of religiosity, integrity, discipline, responsibility, and social concern. Based on a synthesis of empirical findings, a model for excellent Muhammadiyah school management based on AIK was formulated, which positions AIK values as the foundation of governance and integrates them into the entire cycle of school management functions.
Downloads
References
Abdullah, R. S., Prayitno, I., & Priharta, A. (2025). Development of an Islamic Values Based Education Quality Management Model at Muhammadiyah Kalabahi Senior High School, Alor Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. International Journal of Educational Narratives, 3(4), 315-325. https://doi.org/10.70177/ijen.v3i4.2273
Aditya Wardana, B., & Widodo, H. (2022). Teaching classical Islamic texts at the Muhammadiyah Daarul Khoir Modern Islamic Boarding School. Ta’dibuna: Journal of Islamic Education, 11(4), 600–601. https://doi.org/10.32832/tadibuna.v11i4.7986
Aqib, Z., & M. (2019). Kumpulan Metode Pengajaran yang Kreatif dan Inovatif . Satu Nusa.
Berkat, Setinawati, & Basrowi. (2025). The role of educational management in enhancing innovation and problem-solving competencies for students toward global competitiveness: A literature review. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 11, 101280. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SSAHO.2025.101280
Daniëls, E., Hondeghem, A., & Dochy, F. (2019). A review on leadership and leadership development in educational settings. Educational Research Review, 27, 110–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2019.02.003
Doyle Fosco, S. L. (2022). Educational leader wellbeing: A systematic review. Educational Research Review, 37, 100487. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EDUREV.2022.100487
Firmansyah, S. A. R., & Munir. (2024). The Urgency of Social Ethics in the Santri Tradition at Muhammadiyah’s Pesantren. Tafkir: Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Education, 5(1), 153–170. https://doi.org/10.31538/TIJIE.V5I1.991
Ghamrawi, N., & Al-Thani, H. (2023). Wellbeing leadership: Perceptions of pre-service school leaders. Heliyon, 9(11), e21706. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HELIYON.2023.E21706
Hakim, L. (2020). Characteristics of Islamic education from the perspective of the Quran and the Hadith. Edukasi Islami: Journal of Islamic Education, 9(02), 255–270. https://doi.org/10.30868/ei.v9i02.958
Hastasari, C., Setiawan, B., & Aw, S. (2022). Students’ communication patterns in Islamic boarding schools: the case of students at Muallimin Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Heliyon, 8(1), e08824. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HELIYON.2022.E08824
Hojeij, Z. (2024). The role of educational leadership in fostering innovation and entrepreneurship in education: A narrative literature review. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 10, 101173. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SSAHO.2024.101173
Husein, A. (2020). Muhammadiyah’s Cultural Da’wah to the General Public. Ath-Thariq: Journal of Da’wah and Communication, 1(1), 91–105. https://doi.org/10.32332/ATH_THARIQ.V1I1.831
Irpan, I., & Sain, Z. H. (2024). The Crucial Role of Islamic Religious Education in Shaping Children’s Character: A Psychological and Spiritual Review. QALAMUNA: Journal of Education, Social Sciences, and Religion, 16(1), 383–392. https://doi.org/10.37680/qalamuna.v16i1.4902
Junaedi, Syafi’i, I., Hasyim, F., & Jawid Marwat, M. (2025). A Transformational Curriculum Model Based on Interpretive Epistemology: A Perspective on Curriculum Management in Islamic Boarding Schools. Munaddhomah: Journal of Islamic Education Management, 6(3), 387–403. https://doi.org/10.31538/MUNADDHOMAH.V6I3.1802
Kristen, U., Wacana, S., Marsakha, A. T., & Hariri, H. (2021). Management of Character Education in Schools: A Literature Review. Kelola: Journal of Educational Management, 8(2), 185–194.
Labib, M., Suryaalamsah, I. I., & Afifi, A. A. (2026). Implementation of Quality Management and Patient Safety in Community Clinics: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Regional Development and Technology Initiatives, 4(1), 297–304. https://doi.org/10.58764/J.JRDTI.2026.4.144
Lickona, S. and L. (2014). Chapter IV: Educating for character: A comprehensive approach. Teachers College Record, 98(6), 45-62.
Lingyue, C., Yuantao, H., & Runze, Z. (2025). School organizational structure, teacher well-being, and teacher leadership: A comparison between urban and rural areas in China. International Journal of Educational Research, 134, 102849. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJER.2025.102849
Lonergan, R., Cumming, T. M., & O’Neill, S. C. (2022). Exploring the efficacy of problem-based learning in diverse secondary school classrooms: Characteristics and goals of problem-based learning. International Journal of Educational Research, 112, 101945. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJER.2022.101945
M. Djunaidi Ghony and Fauzan Almansur. (2019). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif, 1st ed. Ar-Ruzz Media.
Miles, M. B., H. A. M., & S. J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook. SAGE.
Moleong, L. J. (2019). Qualitative Research Methodology. PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Mulokozi, E. K., & Mwemezi, R. B. (2024). The centrality of school leadership culture on students’ performance: The experience of high-performing public secondary schools in Tanzania. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 10, 101070. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SSAHO.2024.101070
Muntholib, H., Maisah, & Maryani S.Ag. (2018). Management of pesantren in the development of Islamic religious education in Jambi Province. International Journal of Research - GRANTHAALAYAH, 6(9), 407–420. https://doi.org/10.29121/GRANTHAALAYAH.V6.I9.2018.1253
Naldi, H., Wita, G., Rahman, R., & Lionar, U. (2026). A resilience-based leadership ecosystem in Islamic boarding schools: Evidence from an Indonesian pesantren. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 14, 103–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SSAHO.2026.103104
Norman, E., Aizat, F., Feviasari, H., Nuryani, M., Islam Bogor, A., Al, S., & Keyword, M. (2025). Strategic Leadership of School Principals in Enhancing Educational Quality Through Transformational Management and Collaborative Governance. El-Idare: Journal of Islamic Education Management, 11(1), 81–88.
Ramatni, A., Fata, T. H., & Surajiyo, S. (2025). Management of character learning based on Islamic education: a literature review. JPPI (Indonesian Journal of Educational Research), 11(2), 116–127. https://doi.org/10.29210/020254778
Risman, K. (2022). The pattern of Islamic character education of the Muhammadiyah Student Association (IMM) and its implementation in formal education. Profetika: Jurnal Studi Islam, 197-203. https://doi.org/10.23917/profetika.v23i2.19646
Rosyad. (2019). Implementation of character education in Islamic Religious Education classes at Muhammadiyah schools in Indramayu. Al-Afkar, Journal for Islamic Studies, 4(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.31943/afkar_journal.v4i1.57
Samudra, J. (2026). Analisis Penerapan Preservasi Kuratif Pada Bahan Pustaka Di Perpustakaan Smk Negeri 2 Palembang Menggunakan Teori George R.Terry ( POAC ). Integrative Perspectives of Social and Science Journal, 3(April 4), 1455–1462.
Schein, E. H. (1996). Culture: The missing concept in organization studies. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41(2), 229–240. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393715
Shalih, B., Dainuri, M. R., Iman, A. N., & Nurul Azira. (2026). Implementation of Quality Management Based on the POAC Approach in Improving Teacher Quality. Adaara: Journal of Islamic Education Management, 16(1), 54–66. https://doi.org/10.30863/AJMPI.V16I1.11532
Sibanda, K., & Grobler, A. (2023). Spiritual leadership within the scope of African management philosophies using interactive qualitative analysis. Acta Commercii, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.4102/AC.V23I1.1069
Sugiyono. (2019). Metode Penelitian Manajemen, 5th ed. Alfabeta.
Susanto, R. H., Fitria, E., Adri, S., & Fazis, M. (2026). Building an adaptive Islamic school: change management, digital transformation, and character building at Muhammadiyah Full Day Elementary School in Sarilamak. Edu Research, 7(2), 1204–1214. https://doi.org/10.47827/JER.V7I2.2696
Syahputra, A., Mesiono, & Haidir. (2023). Implementation of Al-Islam Kemuhammadiyahan as Efforts to Improve Student Characteristics. Munaddhomah: Journal of Islamic Education Management, 4(2), 408–418. https://doi.org/10.31538/MUNADDHOMAH.V4I2.394
Syahril, M., & Ginting. (2024). Strategies of Islamic Education Teachers in Optimizing the Mosque as a Means of Religious Guidance for Students at SMK Muhammadiyah 06 Medan. Jurnal Tarbiyah, 31(2), 377–386. https://doi.org/10.30829/tar.v31i2.4080
Yusutria, Y., Yuzarion, Y., Kholifah, N. A., Al-Husna, Y. S., Alfikri, I., & Febriana, R. (2022a). Strengthening Al-Islam and Kemuhammadiyahan (AIK)-Based Character Education (PPK) during the COVID-19 Pandemic at the Muhammadiyah Elementary School in Nitikan, Yogyakarta. Al-Ta Lim Journal, 29(1), 35–50. https://doi.org/10.15548/JT.V29I1.711
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Bustomi, Mawangir Mawangir, Maryamah Maryamah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
