Effectiveness of Web-based Parenting Intervention in Improving Mindful Parenting among Parents of Elementary School Aged Children
Abstract
The complexity of parenting in the current digital era requires web-based intervention innovation to provide attentive care that impacts the quality of care. This study examined the effectiveness of a web-based parenting intervention in improving mindful parenting among parents of elementary school–aged children. Fifty-seven participants joined the intervention program with parent-population characteristics (fathers and mothers) living with children aged between 7 and 12 years old. The instrument consisted of pretest-posttest mindful parenting scale. This quasi-experimental research used one group pretest-posttest group design. The results indicate a substantial enhancement in mindful parenting scores post-intervention (Z = −3.544; p = 0.000), with the average score increasing from 2.735 to 2.889. A Cohen’s d of 0.44 indicates a moderate effect size with meaningful practical significance. Dimension-level analyses reveal significant improvements in three dimensions listening with empathy, understanding and acceptance, and self-regulation. In the other two dimensions, namely emotional regulation and compassion, did not show significant changes. The understanding and acceptance dimension exhibits the greatest impact, with the highest mean increase and the largest effect size (d = 0.638). These findings indicate that the web-based intervention effectively enhances the cognitive aspects of mindful parenting but remains less optimal in addressing affective components that require more intensive emotional practice. This study offers important implications for the development of digital parenting programs and provide directions for future intervention research.
Downloads
References
Acet, P., & Oliver, B. R. (2024). Determinants of mindful parenting: a cross-cultural examination of parent and child reports. Current Psychology, 43(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04327-4
Banić, L., & Orehovački, T. (2024). A comparison of parenting strategies in a digital environment: A systematic literature review. Multimodal technologies and interaction, 8(4), 32. https://doi.org/10.3390/mti8040032
Bögels, S. M., Lehtonen, A., & Restifo, K. (2010). Mindful Parenting in Mental Health Care. Mindfulness, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-010-0014-5
Cheung, R. Y. M., Cheng, W. Y., Li, J. Bin, Lam, C. B., & Chung, K. K. H. (2021). Parents’ Depressive Symptoms and Child Adjustment: The Mediating Role of Mindful Parenting and Children’s Self-Regulation. Mindfulness, 12(11). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-021-01735-0
Cheung, R. Y. M., & Chung, K. K. H. (2023). Interparental conflict and mindful parenting practices: Transactional effects between mothers and fathers. Journal of Marriage and Family, 85(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12868
Chwiłkowska-Kubala, A., Cyfert, S., Malewska, K., Mierzejewska, K., & Szumowski, W. (2023). The impact of resources on digital transformation in energy sector companies. The role of readiness for digital transformation. Technology in Society, 74, 102315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2023.102315
Coplan, R. J., Hastings, P. D., Lagacé-Séguin, D. G., & Moulton, C. E. (2002). Authoritative and Authoritarian Mothers’ Parenting Goals, Attributions, and Emotions Across Different Childrearing Contexts. Parenting, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327922PAR0201_1
Dias, P., Brito, R., Ribbens, W., Daniela, L., Rubene, Z., Dreier, M., Gemo, M., Di Gioia, R., & Chaudron, S. (2016). The role of parents in the engagement of young children with digital technologies: Exploring tensions between rights of access and protection, from ‘Gatekeepers’ to ‘Scaffolders’. Global Studies of Childhood, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/2043610616676024
Duncan, L. G., Coatsworth, J. D., & Greenberg, M. T. (2009). A model of mindful parenting: Implications for parent–child relationships and prevention research. Clinical child and family psychology review, 12(3), 255-270.
Feliciano-Cestero, M. M., Ameen, N., Kotabe, M., Paul, J., & Signoret, M. (2023). Is digital transformation threatened? A systematic literature review of the factors influencing firms’ digital transformation and internationalization. Journal of Business Research, 157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.113546
Fernandes, D. V., Canavarro, M. C., & Moreira, H. (2023). Self-compassion and mindful parenting among postpartum mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of depressive and anxious symptoms. Current Psychology, 42(21). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-02959-6
Handley, M. A., Lyles, C. R., McCulloch, C., & Cattamanchi, A. (2018). Selecting and Improving Quasi-Experimental Designs in Effectiveness and Implementation Research. Annual Review of Public Health, 39. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-014128
Hanifah, R., & Wigati, M. (2025). Surfing Online Safety: Assertiveness and Parental Involvement in Adolescents’ Attitudes Toward Cyber Grooming. Bulletin of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.51214/002025071584000
Lippold, M. A., McDaniel, B. T., & Jensen, T. M. (2022). Mindful Parenting and Parent Technology Use: Examining the Intersections and Outlining Future Research Directions. In Social Sciences (Vol. 11, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11020043
Llopis-Albert, C., Rubio, F., & Valero, F. (2021). Impact of digital transformation on the automotive industry. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120343
Meppelink, R., de Bruin, E. I., Wanders-Mulder, F. H., Vennik, C. J., & Bögels, S. M. (2016). Mindful Parenting Training in Child Psychiatric Settings: Heightened Parental Mindfulness Reduces Parents’ and Children’s Psychopathology. Mindfulness, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0504-1
Montero Guerra, J. M., Danvila-del-Valle, I., & Méndez Suárez, M. (2023). The impact of digital transformation on talent management. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.122291
Novianti, R., Mahdum, Suarman, Elmustian, Firdaus, Hadriana, Sumarno, Rusandi, M. A., & Situmorang, D. D. B. (2023). Internet-based parenting intervention: A systematic review. Heliyon, 9(3), e14671. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HELIYON.2023.E14671
Qi, J., Yan, Y., & Yin, H. (2023). Screen time among school-aged children of aged 6–14: a systematic review. Global Health Research and Policy, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41256-023-00297-z
Shorey, S., & Ng, E. D. (2021). The efficacy of mindful parenting interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. In International Journal of Nursing Studies (Vol. 121). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.103996
Slavković, M., Pavlović, K., Mamula Nikolić, T., Vučenović, T., & Bugarčić, M. (2023). Impact of Digital Capabilities on Digital Transformation: The Mediating Role of Digital Citizenship. Systems, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11040172
Townshend, K., Jordan, Z., Stephenson, M., & Tsey, K. (2016). The effectiveness of mindful parenting programs in promoting parents’ and children’s wellbeing: a systematic review. JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.11124/JBISRIR-2016-2314
Xie, X., & Wang, S. (2023). Digital transformation of commercial banks in China: Measurement, progress, and impact. China Economic Quarterly International, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceqi.2023.03.002
Zhang, W., Wang, M., & Ying, L. (2019). Parental Mindfulness and Preschool Children’s Emotion Regulation: The Role of Mindful Parenting and Secure Parent-Child Attachment. Mindfulness, 10(12). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01120-y
Copyright (c) 2026 Arri Handayani, Padmi Dhyah Yulianti, Ellya Rakhmawati
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right to first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution that allows the sharing of articles published with the acknowledgement of authorship and the initial publication in this magazine.
2) The authors are authorized to make additional contracts separately for distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (for example, publication in an institutional repository or as a chapter of the book), as long as there is recognition of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are authorized and encouraged to publish and distribute their work online (for example, in institutional repositories or on their personal pages) at any time before or during the editorial process, as it increases the impact and reference of the published work.
