Indonesian Version of the Risk-Taking and Self-Harm Inventory for Adolescents: Validation and Psychometric Testing

  • Munisa Munisa Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi, Indonesia
Keywords: Self-Harm Inventory for Adolescents (SHIA), Validation, Psychometric

Abstract

Self-harm in adolescents is becoming an issue of increasing concern, especially due to increased exposure to content on social media that can influence their behaviour. Adolescents who are experiencing emotional distress often use self-harm as a coping mechanism to deal with stress, anxiety, or feelings of helplessness. The development of an Indonesian version of this instrument is necessary to provide a valid and reliable measurement tool appropriate to the local cultural context in identifying tendencies towards self-harm and risk-taking behavior in the adolescent population in Indonesia. The aim of this research is to develop an Indonesian of the risk-taking and self-harm inventory for adolescents (SHIA). A sample of N = 446 participants was approached through an online survey created using google forms, a free online survey tool. Data were collected from various universities in Indonesia, 84 male students (18.8%) and 362 female students (81.2%). SHIA-18, with four aspects, namely: 1) mutilation, (2) self-harm, (3) overdose, and (4) suicide attempts. Data were analysed using a Rasch model approach. The findings of this research produced the SHIA-18 which has satisfactory psychometric properties as a valid and consistent tool for assessing the level of self-harm in adolescent, consisting of 18 items. The tool demonstrated strong internal consistency and measurement properties, and its performance was found to be invariant across gender.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Andover, M. S., Pepper, C. M., & Gibb, B. E. (2007). Self‐Mutilation and Coping Strategies in a College Sample. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 37(2), 238–243. https://doi.org/10.1521/suli.2007.37.2.238

Barrocas, A. L., Giletta, M., Hankin, B. L., Prinstein, M. J., & Abela, J. R. Z. (2015). Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Adolescence: Longitudinal Course, Trajectories, and Intrapersonal Predictors. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 43(2), 369–380. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-014-9895-4

Bond, T. G., Yan, Z., & Heene, M. (2020). Applying the rasch model: Fundamental measurement in the human sciences. In Applying the Rasch Model: Fundamental Measurement in the Human Sciences. Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429030499

Boone, W. J. (2016). Rasch analysis for instrument development: Why,when,and how? CBE Life Sciences Education, 15(4), rm4. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.16-04-0148

Boone, W. J., Staver, J. R., & Yale, M. S. (2013). Rasch analysis in the human sciences. Springer.

Boone, W. J., Yale, M. S., & Staver, J. R. (2014). Rasch analysis in the human sciences. In Rasch Analysis in the Human Sciences. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6857-4

Borschmann, R., Hogg, J., Phillips, R., & Moran, P. (2012). Measuring self-harm in adults: A systematic review. European Psychiatry, 27(3), 176–180.

Brunner, R., Kaess, M., Parzer, P., Fischer, G., Carli, V., Hoven, C. W., Wasserman, C., Sarchiapone, M., Resch, F., Apter, A., Balazs, J., Barzilay, S., Bobes, J., Corcoran, P., Cosmanm, D., Haring, C., Iosuec, M., Kahn, J. P., Keeley, H., … Wasserman, D. (2014). Life-time prevalence and psychosocial correlates of adolescent direct self-injurious behavior: A comparative study of findings in 11 European countries. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 55(4), 337–348. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12166

Calvete, E., Orue, I., Aizpuru, L., & Brotherton, H. (2015). Prevalence and functions of non-suicidal self-injury in Spanish adolescents. Psicothema, 27(3), 223–228. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2014.262

Carvalho, C. B., da Motta, C., Sousa, M., & Cabral, J. (2017). Biting myself so I don’t bite the dust: Prevalence and predictors of deliberate self-harm and suicide ideation in azorean youths. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 39(3), 252–262. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2016-1923

Chang, Y. J., Liang, W. M., Yu, W. Y., & Lin, M. R. (2019). Psychometric Comparisons of the Quality of Life after Brain Injury between Individuals with Mild and Those with Moderate/Severe Traumatic Brain Injuries. Journal of Neurotrauma, 36(1), 126–134. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2017.5499

Duarte, E., Gouveia-Pereira, M., Gomes, H. S., & Sampaio, D. (2020). How Do Families Represent the Functions of Deliberate Self-Harm? A Comparison between the Social Representations from Adolescents and Their Parents. Archives of Suicide Research, 24(sup1), 173–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2018.1545713

Duarte, E., Gouveia-Pereira, M., & Sampaio, D. (2019). Social representations about the functions of deliberate self-harm from adults and adolescents: A qualitative study. Trends in Psychology, 27(4), 879–894. https://doi.org/10.9788/TP2019.4-05

Erwinda, L., & Kurnaedi, N. (2024). Age-Based Analysis of Self-Harm Behaviors Among Instagram Users. Bulletin of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 6(3).

Fox, K. R., Toole, K. E., Franklin, J. C., & Hooley, J. M. (2017). Why Does Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Improve Mood? A Preliminary Test of Three Hypotheses. Clinical Psychological Science, 5(1), 111–121. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702616662270

Grandclerc, S., De Labrouhe, D., Spodenkiewicz, M., Lachal, J., & Moro, M. R. (2016). Relations between nonsuicidal self-injury and suicidal behavior in adolescence: A systematic review. PLoS ONE, 11(4), e0153760. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153760

Gratz, K. L. (2001). Measurement of deliberate self-harm: Preliminary data on the deliberate self-harm inventory. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 23(4), 253–263. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012779403943

Guerreiro, D. F., Sampaio, D., Figueira, M. L., & Madge, N. (2017). Self-Harm in Adolescents: A Self-Report Survey in Schools from Lisbon, Portugal. Archives of Suicide Research, 21(1), 83–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2015.1004480

Hamza, C. A., Stewart, S. L., & Willoughby, T. (2012). Examining the link between nonsuicidal self-injury and suicidal behavior: A review of the literature and an integrated model. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(6), 482–495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2012.05.003

Hawton, K., Saunders, K. E. A., & O’Connor, R. C. (2012). Self-harm and suicide in adolescents. The Lancet, 379(9834), 2373–2382. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60322-5

Heath, N. L., Joly, M., & Carsley, D. (2016). Coping self-efficacy and mindfulness in non-suicidal self-injury. Mindfulness, 7(5), 1132–1141.

Kim, C. L., Lee, S.-H., & Chang, H. (2018). Influence of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury on Suicide Attempt among Depressed Patients. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 37(4), 465–478. https://doi.org/10.15842/kjcp.2018.37.4.001

Kim, S., Seo, D. G., Park, J. C., Son, Y., Lee, J. H., Yoon, D., Kim, J. W., Yoo, J. H., & Lee, J. S. (2022). Development and validation of the Self-Harm Screening Inventory (SHSI) for adolescents. PLoS ONE, 17(2 February), e0262723. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262723

Klonsky, E. D., & Glenn, C. R. (2009). Assessing the Functions of Non-suicidal Self-injury: Psychometric Properties of the Inventory of Statements about Self-injury (ISAS). Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 31(3), 215–219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-008-9107-z

Klonsky, E. D., & Olino, T. M. (2008). Identifying Clinically Distinct Subgroups of Self-Injurers Among Young Adults: A Latent Class Analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76(1), 22–27. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.76.1.22

Lee, W. K. (2016). Psychological characteristics of self-harming behavior in Korean adolescents. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 23, 119–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2016.07.013

Linacre, J. M. (2017). Winsteps Rasch measurement computer program [Электронный ресурс]. Beaverton, OR.

Linacre, J. M. (2021). A User’s guide to WINSTEPS MINISTEP rasch-model computerprograms (3.91. 0)(2006). In winsteps.com.

Linacre, J. M. (2022). A User’s Guide to WINSTEPS MINISTEP Rasch-Model Computer Programs. In winsteps.com.

Lloyd, E. E., Kelley, M. L., & Hope, T. (1997). Self-mutilation in a community sample of adolescents: Descriptive characteristics and provisional prevalence rates. Poster Session at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Behavioral Medicine, New Orleans, LA.

Moran, P., Coffey, C., Romaniuk, H., Olsson, C., Borschmann, R., Carlin, J. B., & Patton, G. C. (2012). The natural history of self-harm from adolescence to young adulthood: A population-based cohort study. The Lancet, 379(9812), 236–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61141-0

Nock, M. K. (2009). Understanding nonsuicidal self-injury: Origins, assessment, and treatment. In Understanding nonsuicidal self-injury: Origins, assessment, and treatment. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/11875-000

Prinstein, M. J., Nock, M. K., Simon, V., Aikins, J. W., Cheah, C. S. L., & Spirito, A. (2008). Longitudinal Trajectories and Predictors of Adolescent Suicidal Ideation and Attempts Following Inpatient Hospitalization. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76(1), 92–103. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.76.1.92

Sansone, R. A., Wiederman, M. W., & Sansone, L. A. (1998). The self-harm inventory (SHI): Development of a scale for identifying self-destructive behaviors and borderline personality disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 54(7), 973–983. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(199811)54:7<973::AID-JCLP11>3.0.CO;2-H

Sumintono, B., & Widhiarso, W. (2015). Aplikasi Model Rasch untuk Penelitian I lmu-ilmu sosial (edisi revisi). Trim Komunikata.

Syahputra, Y., Evitarini, A., & Sugara, H. (2024). Gender Differences and the Role of Social Media in Self-Harm Behavior among Primary School Students. KONSELOR, 13(3), 297–306.

Syahputra, Y., Sandjaja, S. S., Alizamar, Afdal, & Erwinda, L. (2022). Using Rasch Model To Understand Psychometric Properties of Junior Students Aggressive Behavior Inventory (J-Sabi). Jurnal Psikologi, 15(2), 253–268. https://doi.org/10.35760/psi.2022.v15i2.6064

Udam, M., Oktara, T. W., Justitia, D., Putri, U. N., Karisma, S. P., Fajri, N., Muhazir, M., & Erwinda, L. (2024). Smartphone and Self-Harm: A study of TikTok Use as a Risk Factor. Bulletin of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 6(3).

Valencia-Agudo, F., Burcher, G. C., Ezpeleta, L., & Kramer, T. (2018). Nonsuicidal self-injury in community adolescents: A systematic review of prospective predictors, mediators and moderators. Journal of Adolescence, 65, 25–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.02.012

Vrouva, I., Fonagy, P., Fearon, P. R. M., & Roussow, T. (2010). The risk-taking and self-harm inventory for adolescents: Development and psychometric evaluation. Psychological Assessment, 22(4), 852–865. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020583

Waugh, R. (2012). Applications of rasch measurement in education. In Applications of Rasch Measurement in Education (Vol. 2). Springer Science & Business Media.

Whitlock, J., Muehlenkamp, J., & Eckenrode, J. (2008). Variation in nonsuicidal self-injury: Identification and features of latent classes in a college population of emerging adults. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 37(4), 725–735. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374410802359734

Whitlock, J., Muehlenkamp, J., Purington, A., Eckenrode, J., Barreira, P., Baral Abrams, G., Marchell, T., Kress, V., Girard, K., Chin, C., & Knox, K. (2011). Nonsuicidal self-injury in a college population: General trends and sex differences. Journal of American College Health, 59(8), 691–698. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2010.529626

Whitlock, J., & Selekman, M. D. (2014). Nonsuicidal self-injury across the life span. The Oxford Handbook of Suicide and Self-Injury, 47–58.

Zhu, X., & Aryadoust, V. (2019). Examining test fairness across gender in a computerised reading test: A comparison between the Rasch-based DIF technique and MIMIC. Studies in Language Assessment, 8(2), 65–90. https://doi.org/10.58379/nvft3338

Zhu, X., & Aryadoust, V. (2022). An investigation of mother tongue differential item functioning in a high-stakes computerized academic reading test. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 35(3), 412–436. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2019.1704788

Published
2025-05-05
How to Cite
Munisa, M. (2025). Indonesian Version of the Risk-Taking and Self-Harm Inventory for Adolescents: Validation and Psychometric Testing. Bulletin of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.51214/002025071346000