Determinations of Employee Engagement: Servant Leadership, Training, Self-Efficacy Effects on Employee Performance
Abstract
This research aims to examine the influence of Employee Engagement through Servant Leadership, Training, and Self-Efficacy on Employee Performance. This research uses quantitative methods and questionnaires distributed to employees at international cargo expedition companies. The analysis tool used was SmartPLS version 3 software. The research results revealed that servant leadership had a positive impact on employee engagement in international cargo expedition companies, while training also had a positive impact. However, self-efficacy does not have a significant effect on employee engagement or performance. Theoretical contributions suggest that employee engagement can mediate the relationship between servant leadership and employee performance, and vice versa. The findings of this research are useful for the human resource department. However, this research has the limitation of researchers only focusing on employee performance and involvement in freight forwarding companies. This study recommends further research in other organizations.
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Chuah, S. C., Rahim, A. R. A., Cheam, C. L., & Zulkefle, N. M. (2023). The Role of Job Crafting in mediating the effect of servant leadership and employee engagement: An Empirical Study of the Service Sector in Malaysia. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal.
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Fajri, U., Iskandar, I., & Asni, K. (2022). The Influence of Information Technology, Work Discipline and Religious Attitudes on Employee Performance Mediated by Employee Engagement. International Journal of Current Research and Applied Studies, (IJCRAS), 1(1), 30–43.
Ferawati, N. (2023). The Influence of Perceived Organizational Support and Self Efficacy on Employee Engagement in Generation Z DKI Jakarta. Growth: Journal Management and Business, 1(01), 26–32. https://doi.org/10.59422/growth.v1i01.166
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Fulaedzah, I. A., Tjahjono, H. K., & DA, M. K. P. R. (2022). Employee Engagement Mediating Self Efficacy and Quality of Work Life on Contact Center’s Burnout. Interdisciplinary Social Studies, 1(7), 881–895. https://doi.org/10.55324/iss.v1i7.171
Hair. (2020). Assessing measurement model quality in PLS-SEM using confirmatory composite analysis. Journal of Business Research, 1(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.069
Huang, Y., Lin, C., Liu, S., & Tang, H. (2023). Trade networks and firm value: Evidence from the U.S.-China trade war. Journal of International Economics, 145, 103811. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2023.103811
Inayat, W., & Jahanzeb Khan, M. (2021). A study of job satisfaction and its effect on the performance of employees working in private sector organizations, Peshawar. Education Research International, 2021(1), 1751495. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1751495
Indonesian Logistics Association. (2024). The Indonesian Logistics Sector in 2024 is predicted to grow by up to 8%, what are the considerations? Indonesian Logistics Association.
Irmayati, N., Rosnani, T., Daud, I., & Fauzan, R. (2023). The Impact of Servant Leadership on Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention Using Employee Engagement as a Mediating Variable at Community Health Care Centers in Bengkayang. Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting, 23(20), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajeba/2023/v23i201089
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Ivanov, D. (2020). Predicting the impacts of epidemic outbreaks on global supply chains: A simulation-based analysis on the coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2) case. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 136, 101922. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2020.101922
Jamillah, K., Hana Setyanti, S. W. L., & Mufidah, A. (2023). The Effect Of Work Life Balance And Self Efficacy On Employee Performance With Employee Engagement As Intervening Variable. Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Studies, 06(01), 304–312. https://doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v6-i1-35
Johnson, K. R., Park, S., & Bartlett, K. R. (2021). Perceptions of customer service orientation, training, and employee engagement in Jamaica’s hospitality sector. European Journal of Training and Development, 42(3–4), 191–209. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJTD-11-2017-0094
Kaya, B., & Karatepe, O. M. (2020). Does servant leadership better explain work engagement, career satisfaction and adaptive performance than authentic leadership? International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 32(6), 2075–2095. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-05-2019-0438
Kulachai, W., Kurniawati, L., Homyamyen, P., Pornsupikul, P., & Borriraksuntikul, T. (2023). Will Servant Leadership Affect Employee Engagement and Quality of Service Delivery? Proceedings on Engineering Sciences, 5(4), 637–646. https://doi.org/10.24874/PES05.04.006
Mar, S. (2020). Economics of Maritime Business (1st ed). Routledge. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315658124
Masudin, I., Lau, E., Safitri, N. T., Restuputri, D. P., & Handayani, D. I. (2021). The impact of the traceability of the information systems on humanitarian logistics performance: Case study of Indonesian relief logistics services. Cogent Business & Management, 8(1), 1906052. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2021.1906052
Mohamed, A. F. (2024). The Effect of Training , Mentoring , and Resilience on Employee Performance is Mediated by Employee Engagement. Dinasti International Journal of Digital Business Management, 5(3), 511–531.
Na-Nan, K., Kanthong, S., & Joungtrakul, J. (2021). An empirical study on the model of self-efficacy and organizational citizenship behavior transmitted through employee engagement, organizational commitment and job satisfaction in the thai automobile parts manufacturing industry. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(3), 170. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7030170
Na-Nan, K., & Sanamthong, E. (2020). Self-efficacy and employee job performance. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 37(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQRM-01-2019-0013
Nguyen, H. M., & Nguyen, L. V. (2022). Employer attractiveness, employee engagement and employee performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-04-2021-0232
Obuobisa-Darko, T. (2020). Leaders’ Behaviour as a Determinant of Employee Performance in Ghana: the Mediating Role of Employee Engagement. Public Organization Review, 20(3), 597–611. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-019-00460-6
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