Development of Stem-Based Science Modules Integrated With Local Wisdom of Bali (Catur Pramana) and Character Content To Improve Scientific Process
Abstract
Modern science education in the 21st century highly prioritizes the integration of science literacy, 4C skills, and digital competence. To address this need, this study focuses on designing and evaluating a STEM-based science teaching module that incorporates Balinese Catur Pramana values and character education. Following the Research and Development (R&D) framework, the project applied the five stages of the ADDIE model. The evaluation process involved content and media specialists, alongside a trial group of 31 fifth-graders at SDN 2 Manukaya, Gianyar. Data were gathered through expert appraisal forms analyzed via Aiken’s V formula, student feedback surveys, and pre-test-post-test assignments. The evaluation from experts placed the module in the "High" validity range, yielding Aiken’s V scores of 0.75 for the cover design, 0.72 for substance, and 0.71 for layout structure. In practice, embedding Catur Pramana principles helped students grasp complex topics more easily and boosted their engagement during hands-on project sessions. Moreover, the academic impact was evident from a mean N-Gain score of 0.70, indicating a high effectiveness in improving students' science process skills across the classroom. These outcomes prove that local cultural philosophy acts as a powerful cognitive bridge rather than just a decorative theme. Consequently, elementary school educators are encouraged to utilize this module to deliver meaningful, culturally relevant science lessons. For future studies, expanding the research to a larger and more varied group of schools would help confirm these benefits on a broader scale. Future investigators are encouraged to examine the long-term impact of this module across wider and more diverse educational contexts.
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