Transformation of Adaptive Learning Models in Islamic Religious Education in the Digital Era

  • Muhamad Wijaksono Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten, Indonesia
  • Fitri Hilmiyati Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten, Indonesia
  • Yahdinil Firda Nadirah Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten, Indonesia
  • Deni Iriyadi Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten, Indonesia
  • Wasehudin Wasehudin Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten, Indonesia
  • Aas Siti Sholichah Universitas PTIQ Jakarta, Indonesia
Keywords: Transformation, Adaptive Learning Model, Islamic Religious Education, Digital Era

Abstract

The transformation of learning in the digital era demands a change in approach to the educational process, including in Islamic Religious Education (PAI). A common problem in PAI learning is the use of conventional methods, which are too uniform, teacher-centered, and pay little attention to the abilities, interests, and learning styles of each student. The purpose of this study is to explore ideas and changes in adaptive learning modules for PAI subjects in the digital era in an effort to improve the effectiveness of more contextual and individualized learning. This study used a qualitative research method with a literature review approach. Various scientific literature, books, and research results related to adaptive learning and its implementation in Islamic education were analyzed. The results show that adaptive learning modules enable PAI materials to be tailored to students' learning needs. This can be done using digital technologies such as learning data analysis, Learning Management System (LMS) platforms, and artificial intelligence. These modules provide students with the opportunity to learn according to their capacity, pace, and learning characteristics. In addition, adaptive modules help learning become more interactive, reflective, and relevant to the challenges of the digital era, while maintaining the moral and spiritual values ​​of Islamic education. The implementation of adaptive modules in Islamic Religious Education subjects in the digital era can improve the quality of learning, increase student engagement, and encourage a more inclusive, effective, and student-oriented learning process.

References

A. M. (Ed.). (2020). Sistem student center learning dan teacher center learning [Student center learning and teacher center learning systems]. Media Sains Indonesia.

Al-razi, M. F., Madjid, A., Hadziq, A., & Ilham, M. (2024). Reconstructing the Islamic education paradigm in Indonesia. Edukasi, 22(2), 294–310. https://doi.org/10.32729/edukasi.v22i2.1918

Alam, M. A. (2023). From teacher-centered to student-centered learning: The role of constructivism and connectivism in pedagogical transformation. Journal of Education, 11(2), 154–167.

Alfayumi, M. L., Usman, A. T., Munawaroh, N., & Masripah. (2025). Efektivitas pemanfaatan media artificial intelligence pada pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam [The effectiveness of using artificial intelligence media in Islamic religious education learning]. TARLIM: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 8(2), 211–220. https://doi.org/10.32528/tarlim.v8i2.3157

Alyana, A., Sukmawati, M., Rizqotussofia, R., & Nuryati, T. (2025). Pengaruh pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam terhadap perilaku keagamaan siswa [The influence of Islamic religious education learning on students' religious behavior]. Jurnal Budi Pekerti Agama Islam, 3(3), 217–227. https://doi.org/10.61132/jbpai.v3i3.1227

Ananda, A. T., & Malik, M. U. I. (2025). Adaptive learning Islamic education: Literature review model pembelajaran PAI adaptif [Adaptive learning Islamic education: Literature review of the adaptive Islamic religious education learning model]. Jurnal Pembelajaran dan Pengajaran, 8(2).

Anwar, R. N. (2024). Pelatihan pemanfaatan artificial intelligence pada guru pendidikan agama Islam (PAI) untuk meningkatkan efektivitas pembelajaran di Kota Kediri [Training on the use of artificial intelligence for Islamic religious education (PAI) teachers to improve learning effectiveness in Kediri City]. Jumat Informatika: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 5(2), 119–124. https://doi.org/10.32764/abdimasif.v5i2.4976

Baidoo-Anu, D., & Owusu Ansah, L. (2023). Education in the era of generative artificial intelligence (AI): Understanding the potential benefits of ChatGPT in promoting teaching and learning. Journal of AI, 7(1), 52–62. https://doi.org/10.61969/jai.1337500

Bans-Akutey, M., & Tiimub, B. M. (2021). Triangulation in research. Academia Letters, Article 3392. https://doi.org/10.20935/AL3392

Cahyono, A., Wahyuni, A. D., & Umam, M. K. (2025). Pembelajaran berdiferensiasi pada mata pelajaran PAI: Tinjauan literatur berbasis dimensi school well‑being [Differentiated learning in Islamic religious education subjects: A literature review based on the school well-being dimension]. Asas Wa Tandhim: Jurnal Hukum, Pendidikan Dan Sosial Keagamaan, 4(2), 405–418. https://doi.org/10.47200/awtjhpsa.v4i2.3117

Fahrudin, R., Sollikhin, R., & Masruroh, A. (2024). Inovasi pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam melalui teknologi artificial intelligence untuk meningkatkan interaksi siswa [Innovation in Islamic religious education learning through artificial intelligence technology to increase student interaction]. Mauriduna: Journal of Islamic Studies, 5(1), 79–91. https://doi.org/10.37274/mauriduna.v5i1.1298

Fatimah, S., & Sumarni, S. (2024). A holistic approach to Islamic basic education: Synthesizing the development of students' potential from intellectual, spiritual, and emotional aspects. Pionir: Jurnal Pendidikan, 13(2), 106–116. https://dx.doi.org/10.22373/pjp.v13i2.24259

Fauziyati, W. R. (2023). Dampak penggunaan artificial intelligence (AI) dalam pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam [The impact of using artificial intelligence (AI) in Islamic religious education learning]. Jurnal Review Pendidikan dan Pengajaran (JRPP), 6(4), 2180–2187. https://doi.org/10.31004/jrpp.v6i4.21980

Fitriyah, C. Z., & Wardani, R. P. (2022). Paradigma kurikulum merdeka bagi guru sekolah dasar [The independent curriculum paradigm for elementary school teachers]. Scholaria: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan, 12(3), 236–243. https://doi.org/10.24246/j.js.2022.v12.i3.p236-243

Goyibova, N., Muslimov, N., Sabirova, G., & Kadirova, N. (2025). MethodsX Differentiation approach in education: Tailoring instruction for diverse learner needs. MethodsX, 14(January), 103163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2025.103163

Hakim, F., Fadlillah, A., & Rofiq, M. N. (2024). Artificial intelligence (AI) dan dampaknya dalam distorsi pendidikan Islam [Artificial intelligence (AI) and its impact on the distortion of Islamic education]. Urwatul Wutsqo: Jurnal Studi Kependidikan Dan Keislaman, 13(1), 129–144. https://doi.org/10.54437/urwatulwutsqo.v13i1.1330

Haleem, A., Javaid, M., Asim, M., & Suman, R. (2022a). Understanding the role of digital technologies in education: A review. Sustainable Operations and Computers, 3(February), 275–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susoc.2022.05.004

Haleem, A., Javaid, M., Asim, M., & Suman, R. (2022b). Understanding the role of digital technologies in education: A review. Sustainable Operations and Computers, 3(May), 275–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susoc.2022.05.004

Hapsari, T. T., Agus, M., & Sari, H. P. (2025). Peran pendidikan agama Islam dalam membentuk karakter siswa di era globalisasi [The role of Islamic religious education in shaping student character in the globalization era]. Ikhlas, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.61132/ikhlas.v2i3.767

Haryoko, S. (2020). Analisis data penelitian [Research data analysis]. Badan Penerbit UNM.

Ilias, K., Qolamani, B., & Mohammed, M. M. (2023). The digital revolution in higher education: Transforming teaching and learning. Qalamuna, 15(2), 837–846. https://doi.org/10.37680/qalamuna.v15i2.3905

Isdayani, Thamrin, A. N., & Milani, A. (2024). Implementasi etika penggunaan kecerdasan buatan (AI) dalam sistem pendidikan dan analisis pembelajaran di Indonesia [Implementation of the ethics of using artificial intelligence (AI) in the education system and learning analysis in Indonesia]. Digital Transformation Technology (Digitech), 4(1), 714–723. https://doi.org/10.47709/digitech.v4i1.3789

Jailani, M. S. (2023). Teknik pengumpulan data dan instrumen penelitian ilmiah pendidikan pada pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif [Data collection techniques and educational scientific research instruments in qualitative and quantitative approaches]. IHSAN: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 1(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.61104/ihsan.v1i2.57

Jamaluddin, D. (2022). Ilmu pendidikan Islam [Islamic education science]. Rajawali Pers.

Jatmiko, A., Koderi, K., & Fauzi, A. (2025). Implementasi kurikulum merdeka dalam pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam: Tantangan dan inovasi di sekolah dan madrasah [Implementation of the independent curriculum in Islamic religious education learning: Challenges and innovations in schools and madrasas]. JIIP - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 9(1), 1227–1233. https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v9i1.10280

Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia. (2020). Rencana strategis Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan tahun 2020-2024 [Strategic plan of the Ministry of Education and Culture for the year 2020-2024].

Khalijah, S., & Zuliana, Z. (2024). Analisis isi materi pendidikan agama Islam pada kurikulum merdeka [Content analysis of Islamic religious education materials in the independent curriculum]. Journal of Education Research, 5(1), 935–938. https://doi.org/10.37985/jer.v5i1.956

Lin, K., Li, M., Lo, F., Huang, H., & Matsuno, K. (2025). Adaptive learning with human factors and artificial intelligence: Associations with training effectiveness in programming education. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 110(June), 103834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2025.103834

Lubis, S. H., Naldi, A., Reskina, R., Lubis, A. F., & Nurhayati, N. (2023). Inovasi penggunaan AI (artificial intelligence) dalam pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam di MAN 4 Persiapan Kota Medan [Innovation in the use of AI (artificial intelligence) in Islamic religious education learning at MAN 4 Preparation Medan City]. Jurnal Bilqolam Pendidikan Islam, 4(2), 105–129. https://doi.org/10.51672/jbpi.v4i2.213

Manan, M. A., & Faruqi, A. (2025). Rekonstruksi struktur kurikulum pendidikan agama Islam [Reconstruction of the Islamic religious education curriculum structure]. Lisan Al-Hal, 19(2), 240–252. https://doi.org/10.35316/lisanalhal.v19i2.240-252

Marta, D. J., & Lawal, U. S. (2026). Transformation of Islamic religious education learning in the digital era: Learning modalities and educational challenges in the 21st century. IJIER, 3(1), 23–34. https://doi.org/10.58230/ijier.v3i1.488

Mubarok, D. (2021). Pelaksanaan upaya meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik pada mata pelajaran fiqh melalui metode demonstrasi berbasis ICT [Implementation of efforts to improve student learning outcomes in fiqh subjects through ICT-based demonstration methods]. Tanzhimuna, 1(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.47466/tanzhimuna.v1i1.218

Muchlis, M. (2025). Penggunaan artificial intelligence (AI) dalam pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam: Manfaat dan tantangan [The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in Islamic religious education learning: Benefits and challenges]. Kreatif: Jurnal Pemikiran Pendidikan Agama Islam, 23(1), 100–109. https://doi.org/10.52266/kreatif.v23i1.3518

N. Ik. (Ed.). (2020). Eksistensi pendidikan Islam [The existence of Islamic education].

Nurfajriani, W. V., Ilhami, M. W., Mahendra, A., Afgani, M. W., & Sirodj, R. A. (2024). Triangulasi data dalam analisis data kualitatif [Data triangulation in qualitative data analysis]. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, 10(17), 826–833. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13929272

Nurhikmah, Tripitasari, D., & Muhdin. (2025). Rendahnya keterlibatan siswa dalam pembelajaran PAI pada materi akhlak dalam pergaulan sehari-hari dan dampaknya terhadap pemahaman konsep [The low level of student involvement in Islamic religious education learning on the material of morals in daily associations and its impact on conceptual understanding]. Al-Mustaqbal: Jurnal Agama Islam, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.59841/al-mustaqbal.v2i4.345

Nurrohmah, N., Syaifurrahman, A., & Lestari, F. A. (2025). Implementasi pendidikan agama Islam dalam membentuk karakter peserta didik di era teknologi AI (artificial intelligence) [Implementation of Islamic religious education in shaping student character in the era of AI (artificial intelligence) technology]. Jerkin: Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.31004/jerkin.v4i1.1661

Putri, F., Rahmadhani, S., & Raisal, A. Y. (2025). The role of information technology in learning. Proceedings of the International Seminar of Islamic Studies, 6(1), 462–466. https://jurnal.umsu.ac.id/index.php/insis/article/view/22892

Qolbiyah, A. (2022). Implementasi kurikulum merdeka dalam pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam [Implementation of the independent curriculum in Islamic religious education learning]. Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Pendidikan Indonesia, 1(1), 44–48. https://doi.org/10.31004/jpion.v1i1.15

Rakha, A. P., Wildan, S. S., & Gusmaneli, G. (2024). Model pembelajaran adaptif: Untuk meningkatkan efektivitas pembelajaran di era digital [Adaptive learning model: To improve learning effectiveness in the digital era]. ALFIHRIS: Jurnal Inspirasi Pendidikan, 2(3), 1–9.

Ramadhoni, Y., & Muchtar, Z. (2024). Development of an integrated smart apps creator media with a guided inquiry learning model on reaction rate material. Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan, 9(3), 516–525. https://doi.org/10.33394/jtp.v9i3.11998

Safitri, D., & Qodriyah, K. (2024). Digital transformation of student behavior. International Conference on Education, Society and Humanity, 02(02), 1100–1108. https://ejournal.unuja.ac.id/index.php/icesh/article/view/10138

Safitri, F. M., & Ajjahidi, M. H. (2025). Conceptual analysis of the internalization of moral values in Islamic religious education through a humanistic approach. AR-RASYID: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 5(2), 213–221. https://doi.org/10.30596/arrasyid.v5i2.26960

Saleh, A. R., Amaluddin, A., Lestari, U., Irma, I., & Tajuddin, T. (2025). Kontribusi Pendidikan Agama Islam terhadap Pengembangan Kecerdasan Spiritual Peserta Didik [The contribution of Islamic religious education to the development of students' spiritual intelligence]. Journal of Innovative and Creativity, 5(2), 1947–1959. https://doi.org/10.31004/joecy.v5i2.432

Salsabila, U. H., Rifki, M., Oktavianda, T., Annisa, & Fauzan Abid, D. (2024). Integrasi teknologi pendidikan agama Islam dalam kurikulum merdeka [Integration of Islamic religious education technology in the independent curriculum]. IHSAN: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 2(1), 136–147. https://doi.org/10.61104/ihsan.v2i1.133

Santrock, J. W. (2021). Educational psychology (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.

Saputra, E. C. (2025). Differentiated learning strategies: Creating an adaptive and inclusive Indonesian classroom. Jurnal Onoma, 11(4), 4204–4220.

Sarinda, F., Martina, M., Noviani, D., & Hilmin, H. (2023). Pendidikan agama Islam berbasis teknologi (AI) artificial intelligence [Islamic religious education based on artificial intelligence (AI) technology]. Jurnal Kajian Penelitian Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan, 1(4), 103–111. https://doi.org/10.59031/jkppk.v1i4.268

Schunk, D. H. (2020). Learning theories: An educational perspective (8th ed.). Pearson.

Sholehah, C. A., & Rachman, P. (2023). Dinamika transformasi pendidikan agama Islam: Sinergitas artificial intelligence dalam peningkatan pemahaman keagamaan [The dynamics of Islamic religious education transformation: The synergy of artificial intelligence in improving religious understanding]. BAHTSUNA: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Islam, 5(2), 169–177. https://doi.org/10.55210/bahtsuna.v5i2.317

Siemens, G. (2005). Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age. International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning, 2. http://www.itdl.org/Journal/Jan_05/article01.htm

Sitepu, M. S. (2026). The role of Islamic religious education in character building of elementary school students. Proceedings of the International Seminar of Islamic Studies, 8, 2053–2060. https://doi.org/10.3059/insis.v0i0.29666

Sodikin, S. (2024). Transformasi pendidikan agama Islam melalui artificial intelligence (AI): Upaya meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis mahasiswa [The transformation of Islamic religious education through artificial intelligence (AI): Efforts to improve students' critical thinking skills]. Academicus: Journal of Teaching and Learning, 3(2), 78–89. https://doi.org/10.59373/academicus.v3i2.65

Suganda, D. A. (2025). Metode penelitian kualitatif [Qualitative research methods]. Media Penerbit Indonesia.

Suwarma, D. M. (2025). Adaptive education in the era of society 5.0: Integration of digital literacy technology and humanistic values. Majority Science Journal, 3(4), 11–19.

Syafitri, A., Efriyanti, L., & Devi, I. (2024). The role of artificial intelligence in encouraging innovation and creativity in Islamic education. Nizham Journal of Islamic Studies, 12(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.32332/nizham.v12i01.8602

Tantri, K. S., Aqilla, N. A., & Sukmawat, A. (2023). Pendidikan karakter di era digital: Mengajarkan etika dan tanggung jawab dalam penggunaan media sosial [Character education in the digital era: Teaching ethics and responsibility in the use of social media]. ANWARUL: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Dakwah, 3(4), 662–675. https://doi.org/10.58578/anwarul.v3i4.1234

UNESCO. (2023). Global education monitoring report 2023: Technology in education-A tool on whose terms?

Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press.

Wiranata, E., Aulia, F., Setiawan, J., & Idris, M. (n.d.). Tantangan dan peluang inovasi pembelajaran PAI di era digitalisasi Erik [Challenges and opportunities for innovation in Islamic religious education learning in the digitization era]. Literasiologi, 14(3), 1–16.

Published
2026-03-30
How to Cite
Muhamad Wijaksono, Fitri Hilmiyati, Yahdinil Firda Nadirah, Deni Iriyadi, Wasehudin, W., & Aas Siti Sholichah. (2026). Transformation of Adaptive Learning Models in Islamic Religious Education in the Digital Era. Berkala Ilmiah Pendidikan, 6(1), 203-217. https://doi.org/10.51214/bip.v6i1.1882