The Fear of Imperfection: Career Anxiety as an Impact of Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Abstract
Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) causes individuals to focus excessively on physical flaws, thus reducing self-confidence and belief in their abilities. This low self-confidence can trigger career anxiety, as individuals feel their appearance is a barrier to competing and adapting in the workplace. However, since evidence on the relationship between BDD and career-related psychological outcomes among students remains fragmented, little is known about how body image concerns specifically influence students’ readiness and confidence in pursuing their future careers. This study aims to determine the effect of BDD on the level of career anxiety of students. The method used is quantitative correlation. The research sample was 310 randomly selected students. Data analysis in this study used simple linear regression. The results showed a significant influence between BDD and career anxiety. The higher the level of BDD, the higher the career anxiety experienced by students. New findings from this study reveal that social media factors, social pressure, and family expectations can exacerbate the impact of BDD on students' career readiness. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of Guidance and Counseling services in addressing students' body image issues and career anxiety holistically and preventatively.
Downloads
References
Ali, M. M., Hariyati, T., Pratiwi, M. Y., & Afifah, S. (2022). Metodologi Penelitian Kuantitatif Dan Penerapan Nya Dalam Penelitian. 2(2).
Alluhidan, A., Park, J. K., Akter, M., Rodgers, R., Razi, A., & Wisniewski, P. J. (2025). Unfiltered: How Teens Engage in Body Image and Shaming Discussions via Instagram Direct Messages (DMs). 1–28.
Amrizon, N. A., Ifdil, I., Nirwana, H., Zola, N., Fadli, R. P., & Putri, Y. E. (2022). Studi Pendahuluan; Kecenderungan body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) pada mahasiswa bimbingan dan konseling. Jurnal Konseling Dan Pendidikan, 10(1), 87. https://doi.org/10.29210/176900
Amrizon, N. A., Ifdil, I., Syahputra, Y., Fadli, R. P., & Zola, N. (2022). Pengembangan dan validasi instrumen body dysmorphic disorder mahasiswa. 10(3), 572–578.
Didie, E. R., Menard, W., Stern, A. P., & Phillips, K. A. (2008). Occupational functioning and impairment in adults with body dysmorphic disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 49(6), 561–569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2008.04.003
Faisyah, N. S., Syahputra, Y., Mulyadi, M., & Rahmat, C. P. (2025). The Silent Erosion: Investigating Body Shaming’s Influence on Student Self-Esteem and Its Counseling Implications at SMA PGRI Depok. Jurnal Keilmuan Pendidikan Dasar, 1(1), 13–22.
Fajri, N., Syahputra, Y., Karisma, S. P., & Ifdil, I. (2023). Navigating Academic Challenges: Self-Regulated Learning Analysis of Academic Procrastination Students. Konselor, 12(2), 65–73. https://doi.org/10.24036/0202312244-0-86
Fazriyani, G. Y., & Rahayu, D. A. (2019). Body Dismorphic Disorder Tendency to Stress Level in Female Adolescences. Media Keperawatan Indonesia, 2(3), 105. https://doi.org/10.26714/mki.2.3.2019.105-112
Hakim, R. F., Alrahmani, D. A., Ahmed, D. M., Alharthi, N. A., Fida, A. R., & Al-Raddadi, R. M. (2021). Association of body dysmorphic disorder with anxiety, depression, and stress among university students. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 16(5), 689–694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.05.008
Ifdil, I., Syahputra, Y., Fadli, R. P., Zola, N., Putri, Y. E., Amalianita, B., Rangka, I. B., Suranta, K., Zatrahadi, M. F., Sugara, G. S., Situmorang, D. D. B., & Fitria, L. (2022). The depression anxiety stress scales (DASS-21): an Indonesian validation measure of the depression anxiety stress. COUNS-EDU: The International Journal of Counseling and Education, 5(4), 205–215. https://doi.org/10.23916/0020200536840
Islamiyah, N., Murdiana, S., & Ismail, I. (2023). Body Image and Body Dysmorphic Disorder Tendency of Women Social Media Users. Psikoborneo: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 11(3), 415. https://doi.org/10.30872/psikoborneo.v11i3.11969
Kuck, N., Cafitz, L., Bürkner, P.-C., Hoppen, L., Wilhelm, S., & Buhlmann, U. (2021). Body dysmorphic disorder and self-esteem: a meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry, 21(1), 310.
LENT, R. W. (2020). Career Development and Counseling: A Social Cognitive Framework. Career Development and Counseling, c, 129–163. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781394258994.ch5
Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Hackett, G. (1994). Toward a Unifying Social Cognitive Theory of Career and Academic Interest, Choice, and Performance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 45(1), 79–122. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1994.1027
Lubis, I. S., Munthe, S., & Syahputra, Y. (2022). Perbedaan Kecemasan Menulis Siswa Berdasarkan Pengalaman Menulis. SAP (Susunan Artikel Pendidikan), 7(1), 76–83. https://doi.org/10.30998/sap.v7i1.12284
Muhdi Agung, Q. A., Nur’Aini, S., & Wibowo, D. S. (2023). Kecemasan Karir Mahasiswa Sarjana dan Mahasiswa Vokasi. Jurnal Psikologi, 1(3), 7. https://doi.org/10.47134/pjp.v1i3.2004
Mushofa, M., Hermina, D., & Huda, N. (2024). Memahami Populasi dan Sampel: Pilar Utama dalam Penelitian Kuantitatif. Jurnal Syntax Admiration, 5(12), 5937–5948. https://doi.org/10.46799/jsa.v5i12.1992
Oselian, F. P., Syahrina, I. A., & Muliati, R. (2024). Hubungan Body Image dengan Kecenderungan Body Dysmorphic Disorder pada Siswa SMA X. Psyche 165 Journal, 17(2), 146–151. https://doi.org/10.35134/jpsy165.v17i2.386
Pinto, A., & Phillips, K. A. (2005). Social anxiety in body dysmorphic disorder. Body Image, 2(4), 401–405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2005.10.003
Prakoso, I. B., Budiyani, K., & Rinaldi, M. R. (2020). Kecenderungan Body Dysmorphic Disorder Dengan Kepercayaan Diri Pada Mahasiswi. PSIKOSAINS (Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pemikiran Psikologi), 15(1), 56. https://doi.org/10.30587/psikosains.v15i1.2001
Putra, S., Tuerah, P., Mesra, R., Sukwika, T., Sarman, F., Nir, nuzulul arifin, Nuruzzaman, M., Susmita, N., Nilawati, Sari, mike nurmalia, Ladjin, N., Mulyapradana, A., Sinaga, enny keristiana, & Akbar, jakub saddam. (2023). METODE PENELITIAN KUANTITATIF : teori dan panduan praktis analisis data kuantitatif. In Metode Penelitian Kualitatif (Issue May 2024).
Rao, U. R., Raju, T. S., Tara, R., Kumar, S. S. A., & Meghana, S. (2023). A Study of Body Dysmorphic Disorder , Self Esteem and Social Anxiety in Medical Students. 15(11), 1221–1226.
Safitri, N. A., Suroso, & Pratitis, N. T. (2025). The Relationship between Body Image and Self-Esteem with the Tendency of Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) Among Adolescents Using Social Media. Journal of Scientific Research, Education, and Technology (JSRET), 4(1), 656–664. https://doi.org/10.58526/jsret.v4i1.737
Sari, M., Bakar, A. Y. A., & Syahputra, Y. (2023). Trend in obtaining career information in the digital era within the context of post-covid-19 career anxiety. Jurnal Konseling Dan Pendidikan, 11(1), 41. https://doi.org/10.29210/172000
Schmidt, M., Schoenenberg, K., Engelkamp, J. E., Staufenbiel, T., Martin, A., Ebert, D. D., & Hartmann, A. S. (2025). Efficacy of an internet-based, therapist-guided cognitive behavioral therapy intervention for adolescents and young adults with body dysmorphic disorder: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry, 25(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06797-1
Schnackenberg, N. (2021). Young people’s experiences of body dysmorphic disorder in education settings: a grounded theory. Educational Psychology in Practice, 37(2), 202–220. https://doi.org/10.1080/02667363.2021.1895079
Syahputra, Y., Hafni, M., Solihatun, S., Istiana, I., Rahmat, C. P., Karisma, S. P., & Erwinda, L. (2024). Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the DASS-18 Scale for Assessment of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Symptoms. Madania: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman, 14(1), 17–25.
Toh, E. Q., Liau, M. Y. Q., Suendermann, O., Bewley, A., & Choi, E. C. E. (2025). Updating theoretical frameworks in body dysmorphic disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAAD International, 20, 41–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdin.2024.12.005
Toh, W. L., Castle, D. J., & Rossell, S. L. (2021). Challenging use of the insight specifier for body dysmorphic disorder. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 55(10), 940–941. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867420972759
Tunas, U., & Surakarta, P. (2020). The effectiveness of social cognitive career theory on career decision making Eny Kusumawati; Diana Dewi Wahyuningsih. 07(2), 107–116.
Unbrin, A., Shahzadi, M., & Jabeen, M. (2024). Reviewing CBT Intervention for Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A Systematic Literature. Journal of Development and Social Sciences, 5(I). https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2024(5-i)32
Vinet, L., & Zhedanov, A. (2011). A “missing” family of classical orthogonal polynomials. In Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical (Vol. 44, Issue 8). https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/44/8/085201
Wang, D., Liu, X., & Deng, H. (2022). The perspectives of social cognitive career theory approach in current times. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1023994
Yunalia, E. M., Suharto, I. P. S., Samudera, W. S., & Fatehah, N. (2023). Gender dan resiko kecenderungan body dysmorphic disorder pada remaja akhir. Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan, 17(4), 327–333. https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v17i4.11099
Copyright (c) 2025 Merri Hafni, Yuliana Yuliana, Laelatul Anisah, Rosa Dovita, Risma Kumara Rani, Ainul Husna, Lira Erwinda

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right to first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution that allows the sharing of articles published with the acknowledgement of authorship and the initial publication in this magazine.
2) The authors are authorized to make additional contracts separately for distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (for example, publication in an institutional repository or as a chapter of the book), as long as there is recognition of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are authorized and encouraged to publish and distribute their work online (for example, in institutional repositories or on their personal pages) at any time before or during the editorial process, as it increases the impact and reference of the published work.





