Legalitas Akad Nikah Daring dalam Perspektif Fikih Islam Kontemporer: Reinterpretasi Ittihād al-Majlis di Era Digital
Abstract
The development of digital technology has transformed the practice of marriage contracts, particularly with the rise of online marriage contracts increasingly prevalent since the COVID-19 pandemic. In Islam, the marriage contract is a form of worship that must meet specific conditions, including the execution of offer and acceptance (ʾijāb and qabūl) within one assembly (ittihād al-majlis). This study aims to examine the legality of online marriage contracts from the perspective of contemporary Islamic jurisprudence, focusing on the reinterpretation of the concept of ittihād al-majlis in the digital era. The research employs a qualitative literature review method, analyzing the views of classical and modern scholars such as Imam al-Shafi’i, Wahbah al-Zuhaili, and Yusuf al-Qaradawi. The findings indicate that online marriage contracts can be deemed valid if they fulfill the pillars and conditions of marriage, including the occurrence of ʾijāb and qabūl directly and simultaneously through real-time digital communication. The reinterpretation of ittihād al-majlis allows Islamic law to adapt to technological advancements without compromising the objectives of Shariah (maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah). This study contributes to the renewal of Islamic law that is responsive to changing times, while emphasizing the need for clear legal guidelines from religious authorities to ensure the validity of online marriage contracts. Thus, online marriage contracts can offer a practical solution that aligns with Shariah principles and the social needs of modern Muslim communities.
References
Ahmad, Meraj Ahmad. “The Importance Of Marriage In Islam.” International Journal of Research -Granthaalayah 6, no. 11 (November 30, 2018): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i11.2018.1082.
Akmal, Andi Muhammad, and Mulham Jaki Asti. “Problematika Nikah Siri, Nikah Online Dan Talak Siri Serta Implikasi Hukumnya Dalam Fikih NikaH.” Al-Risalah Jurnal Ilmu Syariah dan Hukum 1, no. 1 (May 22, 2021): 45. https://doi.org/10.24252/al-risalah.v1i1.22247.
Al-Maliki, Muhammad Alwi, and Asep Saepudin Jahar. “Dinamika Hukum Akad Nikah Via Teleconference Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Indo-Islamika 10, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 136–51. https://doi.org/10.15408/idi.v10i2.17523.
Arif, Alfiani, Abdul Halim Talli, and Arif Rahman Ramli. “Pelaksanaan Akad Nikah Secara Virtual pada Masa Pandemi:” Shautuna: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Perbandingan Mazhab, May 31, 2022, 304–16. https://doi.org/10.24252/shautuna.vi.23375.
Farid, Miftah. “Nikah Online Dalam Perspektif Hukum.” Jurisprudentie : Jurusan Ilmu Hukum Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum 5, no. 1 (June 8, 2018): 174–86. https://doi.org/10.24252/jurisprudentie.v5i2.5437.
Filjannah, Abdul Hamid. “Hukumakad nikah secara virtual di masa pandemi (Studi komperatif Mazhab Syafi’i dan Mazhab Hanafi).” Diploma, UNUSIA, 2021. https://unusia.ac.id/.
Haitomi, Faisal. “Menimbang Hermeneutika Sebagai Mitra Tafsir.” Nun: Jurnal Studi Alquran Dan Tafsir Di Nusantara 5, no. 2 (2019): 45–69. https://doi.org/10.32495/nun.v5i2.90.
Harwoto, R. “Membangun Konsep Regulasi Pernikahan Online Di Indonesia Dalam Masa Pandemi Dan Era Digital.” Jurnal Hukum Progresif 11, no. 2 (October 30, 2023): 145–58. https://doi.org/10.14710/jhp.11.2.145-158.
Karyono, Quoies Hassan. “Akad Nikah Daring (Studi Kasus Akad Nikah Shaffira Gayatri Dan Max Walden).” UNES Law Review 6, no. 2 (2023): 7314–20. https://doi.org/10.31933/unesrev.v6i2.1619.
Mahanum, Mahanum. “Tinjauan Kepustakaan.” ALACRITY : Journal of Education, July 9, 2021, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.52121/alacrity.v1i2.20.
Muir, Syamsuddin, Jumni Nelly, and Rahman Rahman. “Nikah Online Perspektif Kaedah Fiqh Al- Masyaqqah Tajlib At-Taisir.” Jurnal Keislaman 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 116–26. https://doi.org/10.54298/jk.v6i1.3685.
Mukhsin, M. Karya. “Saksi Yang Adil Dalam Akad Nikah Menurut Imam.” Al-Fikra : Jurnal Ilmiah Keislaman 18, no. 1 (February 10, 2020): 92–105. https://doi.org/10.24014/af.v18i1.7303.
Munawar-Rachman, Budhy. Pemikiran Islam Nurcholish Madjid. Tangerang: Prodi S2 Studi Agama-Agama UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, 2022.
Palumbo, Paolo. “Marriage and canonical process in the digital era.” Stato, Chiese e pluralismo confessionale, May 20, 2022. https://doi.org/10.54103/1971-8543/17920.
Setowara, Muhammad Subhan. “The Yusuf Qardhawi’s Thought on al-Daulah al-Shar’iyyah al-Dustῡriyyah and Its Relevance to the Concept of Indonesian Polity.” Ulumuddin Journal of Islamic Legal Studies 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2020). Https://Doi.Org/10.22219/Ulumuddin.V1i2.14912.
Sriyati, Sriyati, Arief Setyanto, and Emha Emha Luthfi. “Literature Review: Pengenalan Wajah Menggunakan Algoritma Convolutional Neural Network.” Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Dan Komunikasi (TIKomSiN) 8, no. 2 (October 20, 2020). https://doi.org/10.30646/tikomsin.v8i2.463.
Suhendar, Otong. “Hermeneutika Tafsir Al-Qur’an Tawaran Muhammad Al-Ghazali Dalam Pemaknaan Al-Qur’an.” Al Burhan: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Dan Pengembangan Budaya Al-Qur’an 19, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 66–95. https://journal.ptiq.ac.id/index.php/alburhan/article/view/148.
Syauqi, Muhammad Labib. “Hermeneutika Double Movement Fazlur Rahman Dan Signifikansinya Terhadap Penafsiran Kontekstual Al-Qur’an.” Rausyan Fikr: Jurnal Ilmu Studi Ushuluddin Dan Filsafat 18, no. 2 (October 25, 2022): 189–215. https://doi.org/10.24239/rsy.v18i2.977.
Taufiq, Muhammad, Mohammad Badruddin Amin, Ahmed Salem Ahmed, and Mohammad Umar Hafiz Mohammad Idrees. “Online Marriage in the Perspective of Fiqh Nawazil.” Jurnal Hukum Islam 21, no. 1 (June 9, 2023): 29–54. https://doi.org/10.28918/jhi_v21i1_02.
Copyright (c) 2023 Khusnul Khotimah, Luluk Afifah, Rizkon Jaya
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
