Traveling Dalam Al-Qur’an: Studi Penafsiran Ayat-ayat Riḥlah dan Safar dalam Tafsir Al-Azhar
Abstract
In this world, living beings, particularly humans, are constantly driven to move and travel, aiming to achieve better outcomes both in this life and the hereafter. This movement can be seen as an effort to meet various human needs, as explained by Abraham Maslow in his hierarchy of needs, which ranges from basic physiological needs to higher levels of self-actualization. People embark on journeys to secure sustenance, fulfill religious duties such as studying, performing Hajj and Umrah, visiting friends to strengthen bonds, assisting those in need, and visiting the sick. These activities not only satisfy physiological and safety needs but also foster social connections, esteem, and ultimately lead to self-actualization. The encouragement from Allah and His Messenger to travel the earth to witness the majesty of Allah's creation aligns with the pursuit of self-actualization as described by Maslow. This study seeks to explore the meanings of Riḥlah and Safar as interpreted in Tafsir Al-Azhar. The research utilizes the tafsir maudhu'i method, with Buya Hamka's Tafsir al-Azhar serving as the primary source, alongside other scholarly works. The methodology involves defining the theme, gathering relevant verses, and analyzing them with a focus on the selected source. The findings indicate that Riḥlah in the Qur'an, as interpreted by Buya Hamka, refers to traveling for trade or business, a common practice among Arabs, including the Prophet. Meanwhile, Safar is understood as a journey, often linked with the relief (rukhshoh) granted to travelers, illustrating how these travels fulfill various human needs as outlined by Maslow.
References
Abuddin Nata. Sejarah Pendidikan Islam. Jakarta: Kencana, 2014. Google.
Khairunnas Rajab, M. Psikologi Ibadah: Memakmurkan Kerajaan Ilahi di Hati Manusia. Jakarta: Amzah, 2024. Google.
Akmal, Akmal, dan Abdurakhman Abdurakhman. “Highs And Lows In The Relationship Between Hamka And Muahammadiyah During The Period Of Guided Democracy.” International Review of Humanities Studies 4, no. 3 (31 Oktober 2019). https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/irhs/vol4/iss3/7.
Alfiyah, Avif. “Metode Penafsiran Buya Hamka Dalam Tafsir Al-Azhar.” Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Ushuluddin 15, no. 1 (8 Maret 2017): 25–35. https://doi.org/10.18592/jiu.v15i1.1063.
Alimuddin, Muhammad Faqih, dan Ainur Rhain. “Interpretation of Birrul Walidayn in Surah Al-Isra [17]: 24 (A Comparative Study of Tafsir Al-Azhar and Marah Labid).” Proceeding Iseth (International Summit on Science, Technology, and Humanity), 2023, 1569–77. https://proceedings.ums.ac.id/index.php/iseth/article/view/4496.
Amrullah, Haji Abdul Malik Karim. Tafsir Al-Azhar - Hamka. Vol. I. Singapore: Pustaka Nasional, 1989. http://archive.org/details/tafsiralazhar08_201912.
———. Tafsir Al-Azhar - Hamka. Vol. II. Singapore: Pustaka Nasional, 1989. http://archive.org/details/tafsiralazhar08_201912.
———. Tafsir Al-Azhar - Hamka. Vol. III. Singapore: Pustaka Nasional, 1989. http://archive.org/details/tafsiralazhar08_201912.
———. Tafsir Al-Azhar - Hamka. Vol. IV. Singapore: Pustaka Nasional, 1989. http://archive.org/details/tafsiralazhar08_201912.
Arifin, Johar. “Wawasan Al-Quran Dan Sunnah Tentang Pariwisata.” Jurnal An-Nur 4, no. 2 (27 September 2016). https://doi.org/10.24014/an-nur.v4i2.205776.
As}fiha>ni, al-Ra>ghib al-. al-Mufrada>t fi> Ghari>b al-Qur’an. t.tp: Maktabah Nazar Must}afa> al-Ba>z, t.t. Google.
Ash-Sha’idi, Abdul Hakam. Bepergian (Riḥlah ) secara Islam. Jakarta: Gema Insani, 1998. Google.
Azis, Yusuf Abdhul. “Studi Pustaka: Pengertian, Tujuan, Sumber dan Metode.” Deepublish Store (blog), 10 Mei 2023. https://deepublishstore.com/blog/studi-pustaka/.
Bathuthah, Muhammad bin Abdullah. Riḥlah Ibnu Bathuthah. Jakarta: Pustaka Al Kautsar, 2012. Google.
Bawazir, Tohir. Panduan Praktis Wisata Syariah. Jakarta: Pustaka Al Kautsar, 2013. Google.
Benson, Suzanne G., dan Stephen P. Dundis. “Understanding and Motivating Health Care Employees: Integrating Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Training and Technology.” Journal of Nursing Management 11, no. 5 (2003): 315–20. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2834.2003.00409.x.
Calicchio, Stefano. Abraham Maslow, Dari Hierarki Kebutuhan Hingga Pemenuhan Diri: Sebuah Perjalanan Dalam Psikologi Humanistik Melalui Hierarki Kebutuhan, Motivasi, Dan Pencapaian Potensi Manusia Sepenuhnya. Stefano Calicchio, 2023. Google.
Clifford, James. “10. Spatial Practices: Fieldwork, Travel, and the Disciplining of Anthropology.” Dalam Anthropological Locations: Boundaries and Grounds of a Field Science, disunting oleh Akhil Gupta dan James Ferguson, 185–222. University of California Press, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520342392-011.
Desita, Aulia. “Buya Hamka Sebagai Agen Perubahan Pendidikan Islam Modern Di Indonesia.” Kalpataru: Jurnal Sejarah Dan Pembelajaran Sejarah 9, no. 1 (8 Juli 2023): 36–40. https://doi.org/10.31851/kalp.v9i1.12838.
Endah Setyawati, Berti, Hendra Harmi, dan Hartini Hartini. “Konsep Moderasi Beragama Perspektif Pemikiran Buya Hamka.” Undergraduate, Iain Curup, 2021. https://e-theses.iaincurup.ac.id/1829/.
Fatimah, Khusnul, Valdi Giffari Rahmayati Putra, Tono Viono, dan Hasan Busri. “Dimensi Reward Dan Punishment Dalam Pendidikan: Perspesktif Hierarki Kebutuhan Maslow | As-Sabiqun,” 28 Juni 2024. https://ejournal.stitpn.ac.id/index.php/assabiqun/article/view/5075.
Ferguson, Lucy. “The United Nations World Tourism Organisation.” New Political Economy 12, no. 4 (1 Desember 2007): 557–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/13563460701661587.
Fuady, Rifqy Jauhar, dan Akmaliyah Akmaliyah. “The Influence of Food and Beverages in Human Life According to Buya Hamka (Analysis Study of Tafsir Al-Azhar).” Indonesian Journal of Halal Research 2, no. 1 (1 Maret 2020): 13–20. https://doi.org/10.15575/ijhar.v2i1.7704.
Hadler, Jeffrey. “Home, Fatherhood, Succession: Three Generations of Amrullahs in Twentieth-Century Indonesia.” Indonesia 65 (April 1998): 122. https://doi.org/10.2307/3351407.
Hall, C. Michael, Siamak Seyfi, dan S. Mostafa Rasoolimanesh. “Muslim Travel Cultures.” Dalam Contemporary Muslim Travel Cultures, oleh C. Michael Hall, Siamak Seyfi, dan S. Mostafa Rasoolimanesh, 3–13, 1 ed. London: Routledge, 2022. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003036296-2.
Hambal, Ahmad bin. Musnad Ahmad. Vol. II. Bairut: Da>r al-Fikr, t.t. Google.
Hamzah, Maulana. “Tren Travelling Dalam Perspektif Maqoshid Syariah.” Indonesian Journal of Islamic Economics and Business 4, no. 2 (30 Desember 2019): 16–26. https://e-journal.lp2m.uinjambi.ac.id/ojp/index.php/ijoieb/article/view/632.
Heriyansyah, Heriyansyah. “Perjalanan Bisnis Nabi Muhammad S.A.W.” Ad-Deenar: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam 2, no. 02 (30 Desember 2018): 190–205. https://doi.org/10.30868/ad.v2i02.356.
Hidayati, Nurul. “Makna Riḥlah dan Safar dalam Al-Qur’an: Studi Penafsiran Ibnu Katsir dan M. Quraish Shihab.” Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga, 2017. Https://Digilib.Uin-Suka.Ac.Id/Id/Eprint/29655/1/13530121_Bab-I_Iv-Atau-V_Daftar-Pustaka.Pdf.
“International Tourism Highlights, 2019 Edition | World Tourism Organization.” Diakses 2 September 2024. https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421152.
Irfan, Rengga. “Penafsiran Da’i Dalam Tafsir Al-Azhar.” Al-Kauniyah 3, no. 1 (29 Agustus 2022): 71–89. https://doi.org/10.56874/alkauniyah.v3i1.876.
Kamal, Tendy Choerul, dan Agus Mulyana. “Peranan Buya Hamka dalam Gerakan Pembaharuan Muhammadiyah Tahun 1925-1966.” Factum: Jurnal Sejarah dan Pendidikan Sejarah 8, no. 2 (23 Desember 2019): 213–24. https://doi.org/10.17509/factum.v8i2.22152.
Laas, Ingrid. “Self-Actualization and Society: A New Application for an Old Theory.” Journal of Humanistic Psychology 46, no. 1 (1 Januari 2006): 77–91. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167805281162.
Musyarif. “Buya Hamka (Suatu Analisis Sosial Terhadap KitabTafsir Al-Azhar).” AL Ma’arief : Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial dan Budaya 1, no. 1 (21 Juli 2019): 36–57. https://doi.org/10.35905/almaarief.v1i1.781.
Nasruddin, Nasruddin. “Sejarah Intelektual Islam Indonesia Studi kasus Pemikiran Nurchalish Madjid Dan Hamka (Studi Perbandingan).” Riḥlah : Jurnal Sejarah dan Kebudayaan 4, no. 2 (16 Desember 2016): 1–23. https://doi.org/10.24252/Riḥlah .v4i2.2827.
Rozi, Syafwan, Nurlizam, dan M. Zubir. “The Reception of Hamka’s Tafsir Al-Azhar within Social Religious Issues in the Malay World.” Jurnal Studi Ilmu-Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Hadis 25, no. 2 (30 Agustus 2024): 247–72. https://doi.org/10.14421/qh.v25i2.5406.
Rush, James R. Hamka’s Great Story: A Master Writer’s Vision of Islam for Modern Indonesia. United State: University of Wisconsin Pres, 2016. Google.
Samori, Zakiah, Nor Zafir Md Salleh, dan Mohammad Mahyuddin Khalid. “Current trends on Halal tourism: Cases on selected Asian countries.” Tourism Management Perspectives 19 (1 Juli 2016): 131–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2015.12.011.
Shakona, Maloud, Kenneth Backman, Sheila Backman, William Norman, Ye Luo, dan Lauren Duffy. “Understanding the traveling behavior of Muslims in the United States.” Disunting oleh Dr Omar Moufakkir Yvette Reisinger Dr. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research 9, no. 1 (1 Januari 2015): 22–35. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCTHR-05-2014-0036.
Sihombing, Muhammad Ebin Rajab. “Safar dalam Al-Qur’an (Studi Tafsir Tematik).” Universitas Islam Negeri Fatmawati Sukarno, 2022. Http://Repository.Iainbengkulu.Ac.Id/9888/1/Skripsi%20muhammad%20ebin%20rajab%20s.Pdf.
———. “Shirk According to Buya Hamka in Al-Azhar Interpretation (Examining the History of Thought and Interpretation).” Taqaddumi: Journal of Quran and Hadith Studies 3, no. 2 (31 Desember 2023): 141–54. https://doi.org/10.12928/taqaddumi.v3i2.8919.
Silfiah, Rossa Ilma. “Fleksibilitas Hukum Islam Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19.” Suloh:Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Malikussaleh 8, no. 2 (9 November 2020): 74–90. https://doi.org/10.29103/sjp.v8i2.3068.
Stark, Alexander, dan Khairul Hisyam Baharuddin. “Hamka’s Contribution to the Field of Anthropology: Another Perspective on Hamka’s Work.” Al-Itqan. Journal of Islamic Sciences and Comparative Studies 8, no. 5 (2023). http://myscholar.umk.edu.my/handle/123456789/5556.
Sukatin, Sukatin, Adhiyah Adhiyah, Hasbi Asshidiqi, Masobirin Masobirin, dan Nurmania Nurmania. “Hadis Rasulullah SAW Yang Berkaitan Dengan Janabah Dan Tayamum.” Multiverse: Open Multidisciplinary Journal 2, no. 2 (30 Agustus 2023): 266–71. https://doi.org/10.57251/multiverse.v2i2.1227.
Suma, Muhammad Amin. Tafsir Ahkam: Ayat-ayat Ibadah. Tangerang: Lentera Hati Group, 2016. Google.
Taormina, Robert J., dan Jennifer H. Gao. “Maslow and the Motivation Hierarchy: Measuring Satisfaction of the Needs.” Diakses 4 September 2024. https://dx.doi.org/10.5406/amerjpsyc.126.2.0155.
Tuncer, Faruk. “The Terms Trade (Tijarah) and Road (Riḥlah ) in Qur’anic Context: With Special References to the Trade of Prophet Muhammad in Sirah.” Religions 14, no. 8 (Agustus 2023): 1055. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14081055.
Vansteenkiste, Maarten, Richard M. Ryan, dan Bart Soenens. “Basic Psychological Need Theory: Advancements, Critical Themes, and Future Directions.” Motivation and Emotion 44, no. 1 (1 Februari 2020): 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-019-09818-1.
Wahyono, Zubaidi, Dudin Sabaruddin, dan Rahimah Embong. “The Concept of Safar (Travelling) from the Qura’nic Worldview.” International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development 12, no. 2 (16 Juni 2023). https://ijarped.com/index.php/journal/article/view/1282.
Wahyuni, Ni’mah, Adi Friansa, Fajri, Haikal, dan Kasmiati. “Pentingnya Pembelajaran Tata Cara Shalat Dan Thaharah Meliputi Wudhu, Tayammum Dan Mandi Wajib: Studi Fenomenial Peserta Didik.” Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Akademisi 1, no. 4 (1 Oktober 2023): 52–57. https://doi.org/10.59024/jpma.v1i4.436.
Yāfiʿī, Abū Muḥammad ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-. Mir’āt al-Jinān wa-ʿIbrat al-Yaqẓān fī Maʿrifat mā Yuʿtabar min Ḥawādith al-Zamān. Vol. II. Bairut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1997.
Yusof, W., dan W. Sabri. “Hamka’s Tafsīr al-Azhar : Qur’anic exergesis as a mirror of social change,” 1998. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Hamka's-Tafs%C4%ABr-al-Azhar-%3A-Qur'anic-exergesis-as-a-Yusof-Sabri/88ca33641177cda0f1840a61f3957c0d6233a841.
Yusof, Wan Sabri Wan. “Religious Harmony and Inter-Faith Dialogue in the Writings of ḤAMKA.” Intellectual Discourse 13, no. 2 (28 Desember 2005). https://doi.org/10.31436/id.v13i2.106.