Pembacaan Progresif Ayat Feminis: Telaah Penafsiran Sahiron Syamsuddin dan Asghar Ali Engineer atas QS. An-Nisā’ [4]: 34
Abstract
The classical mufasirs’ interpretation of QS. an-Nisā’ [4]: 34 often leads to gender bias. An understanding that tends to be literal-scripturalistic-normative implies a view that the superiority of men over women is considered an Islamic decree. This article aims to examine the extent to which the verse is understood based on the views of two figures, namely Sahiron Syamsuddin and Asghar Ali Engineer. Based on library research, and through a textual analysis approach to the interpretation of the two figures above, this research shows that QS. an-Nisā’ [4]: 34 is not simply seen as a normative verse as understood by classical mufasirs and some modern mufasirs, but also as a verse that describes the real conditions of the Arab family system at the time of the Prophet which is being morally organised by the Qur’an. So, in addition to being normative, the verse must also be understood as a historical-cultural verse. Thus, the authority of family leadership is no longer understood as a private space belonging to men alone, but is determined by the prevailing system culture. In a matriarchal family system, a wife can be a leader, as well as in a collective system, as long as the leadership provides justice and benefits for the family.
References
Ahmad, Nadzrah, dan Muhammad Abdul Rasheed. “The Qur’anic concept of qiwamah: A review of commentaries on the verse: 4:34.” Al-Shajarah, 2018. Google.
Aisyah, Siti, dan Ahdiyatul Hidayah. “The Concept of Qiwamah and Its Implications for Gender Justice in Islamic Family Law in Indonesia.” An-Nisa Jurnal Kajian Perempuan dan Keislaman, 2023. https://doi.org/10.35719/annisa.v16i2.181.
Al-Dihlawī, Syah Waliyullāh. al-Fauz al-Kabīr fī Uṣūl al-Tafsīr. Kairo, t.t. Google.
Al-Dimasyq, ‘Imāduddīn Abī al-Fidā` Ismā’īl ibn Katsīr. Tafsīr al-Qur`ān al-‘Azhīm. Beirut: Dlār al-Fikr, 2005. Google.
Al-Suyūṭī, Jalāl al-Dīn. Al-Itqān Fī ‘Ulūm al-Qur’an. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 2008. Google.
Al-Syāṭibī, Abū Isḥāq. al-Muwāfaqāt fī Uṣūl al-Syarī‘ah. Volume 3. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 2005. Google.
Al-Ṭabarī, Abū Ja’fār Ibnu Jarīr. Jāmi’ al-Bayān ’an Ta`wīl Āy al-Qur`ān. Kairo: Dār al-Ḥadīṡ, 2010. Google.
Al-Wāḥidī. Asbāb al-Nuzūl al-Qur’ān. Vol. 1. CD. Maktabah al-Syamilah, t.t.
Al-Zamakhsyarī, Abū al-Qāsim Jār Allāh. Tafsīr al-Kasysyāf ‘an Ḥaqāiq al-Tanzīl wa ‘Uyūn al-Aqāwīl fī Wujūh al-Ta’wīl. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1997. Google.
Al-Zarkasyī, Badr al-Dīn. Al-Burhān Fī ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān. Kairo: Dār al-Turāṡ, 1984. Google.
Al-Zuḥailī, Wahbah. al-Fiqh al-Islāmī wa Adillatuh. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1989. Google.
Amer, Amena. “Between Recognition and Mis/Nonrecognition: Strategies of Negotiating and Performing Identities Among White Muslims in the United Kingdom.” Political Psychology 41, no. 3 (2020): 533–48. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12637.
Amir, Abdul Muiz, Sahiron Syamsuddin, dan Siswanto Masruri. “Dialectic Relationship Between the Qur’an and Hadith: The Interpretation of The Term ‘As-Sā‘ah’ Using Critical Hermeneutic Analysis.” Jurnal Adabiyah Vol 21, no. 1 (2021). https://doi.org/10.24252/jad.v21i1a4
Anam, Haikal Fadhil. “Tafsir Feminisme Islam.” Maghza: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an dan Tafsir, 2019. https://doi.org/10.24090/maghza.v4i2.3071.
Andika, Mayola. “Reinterpretasi Ayat Gender Dalam Memahami Relasi Laki-Laki Dan Perempuan (Kajian Kontekstual QS An-Nisa` ayat 34).” Jurnal Harkat : Media Komunikasi Gender, 2019. https://doi.org/10.15408/harkat.v14i1.10399.
Arikunto. Metodologi Penelitian. Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta, 2002. Google.
‘Āsyūr, Muḥammad at-Ṭāhir Ibnu. Tafsīr al-Taḥrīr wa al-Tanwīr. Ṭūnis: Dār al-Ṭūnisiyyah li a-Nasyr, 1984. Google.
Athmainnah, Shirhi. “Hermeneutika Asghar Ali Engineer: Menyingkap Mega Skandal Tafsir Patrilineal.” As-Salam: Jurnal Studi Hukum Islam & Pendidikan Vol. 5, no. 1 (2014). https://doi.org/10.51226/assalam.v3i1.51
Barsihannor, M. Ilham, Andi Tri Saputra, dan Abdul Syatar. “Abdullah Saeed’s Construction of the Hierarchy of Values in the Qur’ān: A Philosophical Hermeneutic Perspective.” Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization 13, no. 1 (20 Juni 2023): 119–32. https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.131.09.
Engineer, Asghar Ali. Islam dan Pembebasan. Disunting oleh Hairus Salim dan Imam Baehaqy. Cet. 1. Yogyakarta: LKis, 1993. Google.
———. Matinya Perempuan: Menyingkap Megaskandal Doktrin dan Laki-laki, Transformasi Al-Qur’an, Perempuan dan Masyarakat Modern. Cet. 1. Yogyakarta: IRCiSoD, 2003. Google.
———. The Quran, Women and Modern Society. India: New Dawn Press Group, 2005. Google.
———. The Rights of Women in Islam. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 2008. Google.
Fahimah, Siti, dan M. Mukhibat. “Gender And Social Resilient: The Role of Women In The Public Ma’na Cum Maghza Approach.” Muwazah: Jurnal Kajian Gender, 30 Juni 2023, 115–29. https://doi.org/10.28918/muwazah.v15i1.7256.
Faizah, Nur. “Konsep Qiwāmah Dalam Yurisprudensi Islam Perspektif Keadilan Gender.” Al-Ahwal: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam, 2019. https://doi.org/10.14421/ahwal.2018.11102.
Fakih, Mansour. Analisis Gender dan Transformasi Sosial. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 1996. Google.
HS, Muhammad Alwi. “Mengenal Sahiron Syamsuddin, Pelopor Kajian Hermeneutika Tafsir di Indonesia.” tafsiranlquran.id (blog), 2021.
Hunawa, Rahmawati. “Kedudukan Suami-Istri (Kajian Surah An-Nisa’ [4]: 34).” Potret Pemikiran, 2018. https://doi.org/10.30984/pp.v22i1.758.
Khan, Mazhar ul-Haq. Wanita Islam Korban Patologi Sosial. Disunting oleh terj. Lukman Hakim. Bandung: Pustaka, 1994. Google.
King, Roberta R., dan Sooi Ling Tan, ed. (Un) Common Sound: Songs of Peace and Reconciliation among Muslims and Christians. U.S.A: Wifl and Stock Publisher, 2014. Google.
Koburtay, Tamer, Tala Abuhussein, dan Yusuf M. Sidani. “Women Leadership, Culture, and Islam: Female Voices from Jordan.” Journal of Business Ethics 183, no. 2 (1 Maret 2023): 347–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-022-05041-0.
Labib, Muhammad Alfreda Daib Insan, dan Fajriyaturrohmah. “A Study of the Concept of Qiwamah in Surah Al-Nisa’ (4): 34 From the Perspectives of Kecia Ali and Khaled M. Abou El-Fadl.” Al-Basirah Vol. 13, no. 2 (2013): 51–63. https://doi.org/10.22452/basirah.vol13no2.5
Luthfia, Asya Dwina. “Konstruksi gender tafsir media sosial Q.S. An-Nisa’ ayat 34 : Kognisi sosial wacana istri salihah akun youtoube Khalid Basalamah Official.” UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung., 2022. Google.
Manẓūr, Ibnu. Ibn, Lisān Al-‘Arab. Vol. 15. Qum: Nasyr Adab al-Ḥawzah, 1405. Google.
Musfiroh, Mayadina Rohmi, dan Sahiron Syamsuddin. “Contextualization of Qiwamah Meaning: Reflection on Abdullah Saeed, Application and Consistency.” Palastren: Jurnal Studi Gender Vol. 13, no. 2 (2020). https://doi.org/10.21043/palastren.v13i2.7191.
Mustaqim, Abdul. Tafsir Feminis Versus Tafsir Patriarkhi: Telaah Kritis Penafsiran Dekonstruktif Riffat Hassan. Cetakan pe. Yogyakarta: Sabda Persada, 2003. Google.
Muttaqin, Ahmad. “From Contextual to Actual Approach: Towards a Paradigm Shift in Interpreting the Qur’an.” Mutawatir : Jurnal Keilmuan Tafsir Hadith 11, no. 2 (15 Desember 2021): 203–30. https://doi.org/10.15642/mutawatir.2021.11.2.203-230.
Nurpahlevi, Dwi Tio, dan Rijal Ali. “Women’s Leadership In The Public Space: Deconstructthe Interpretation Of Qs. Al-Nisā/4: 34.” Takafu: Journal of Tafsir and Gender Perspective Vol. 1, no. No. 1 (2024). https://doi.org/https:/doi.org/10.29313/takafu.v1i1.3623.
Nuryatno, M. Agus. Islam,Teologi Pembebasan dan Kesetaraan Gender. Cet. 1. Yogyakarta: UII Press, 2001. Google.
Qadafy, Mu’ammar Zayn. Sababun Nuzul Dari Mikro Hingga Makro: Sebuah Kajian Epistemologis. Yogyakarta: IN AzNa Books, 2015. Google.
Qudsy, Saifuddin Zuhri, Mahbub Ghozali, Hakam Al-Ma’mun, Fahruddin, Ahmed Zaranggi Ar Ridho, Satria Tenun Syahputra, M. Marovida Aziz, dkk. Lebih Dekat dengan Ma‘nā-cum-Maghzā Sahiron Syamsuddin. Disunting oleh Mahbub Ghozali. Cet. 1. Yogyakarta: Suka Press, 2022. Google.
Rahman, Fazlur. Islam and Modernity: Transformation of Intellectual Tradition. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1982. Google.
Ramadani, Cindy Irawati. “Domestic Violence dalam AlQur’an (Analisis Penafsiran Muhammad Syahrur terhadap QS. An-Nisa’ Ayat 34).” ALSYS, 2023. https://doi.org/10.58578/alsys.v3i5.1482.
Saeed, Abdullah. Interpreting the Qur’an Towards a Contemporary Approach. New York: Taylor & Francis Group, 2006. Google.
Syamsuddin, Sahiron. “Abū Ḥanīfah’s Use of the Solitary Hadīth as a Source of Islamic Law.” slamic Studies Vol. 40, no. 2 (2001). https://www.jstor.org/stable/20837097.
———. “An Examination of Bint al-Shātī’’s Method of Interpreting the Qur’an.” McGill University, 1998. Google.
———. Hermeneutika dan Pengembangan Ulumul Qur’an. Yogyakarta: Nawasea Press, 2017. Google.
———. “‘Ma’nā-cum-Maghzā Approach to the Qur’an: Interpretation of Q. 5:51.’” Dalam Proceedings of the International Conference on Qur’an and Hadith Studies. Atlantis Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.2991/icqhs-17.2018.21
———. “Muḥkām and Mutashābih: An Analytical Study of al-Ṭabarī’s and al-Zamakhshārī’s Interpretations of Q.3:7.” Journal of Qur’anic Studies Vol. 1, no. 1 (1999).
———, ed. Pendekatan Ma’nā-cum-Maghzā atas Al-Qur’an dan Hadis: Menjawab Problematika Sosial Keagamaan di Era Kontemporer. Cetakan 1. Yogyakarta: Lembaga Ladang Kata, 2020. Google.
———. “Pendekatan Ma’nā-Cum-Maghzā: Paradigma, Prinsip, dan Metode Penafsiran.” Nun: Jurnal Studi Al-Qur’an dan Tafsir di Nusantara Vol. 8, no. 2 (2022). https://doi.org/10.32495/nun.v8i2.428.
Wahyudi, Wahyudi, dan Nur Fadilah. “Tinjauan Hermeneutis Terhadap Hadis Kepemimpinan Perempuan Dalam Islam.” Fikri : Jurnal Kajian Agama, Sosial dan Budaya, 28 Desember 2018, 277. https://doi.org/10.25217/jf.v3i2.350.
Wijaya, Aksin, Suwendi, dan Sahiron Syamsuddin. “Observing Islam with Ethics: From Hatred Theology to Religious Sthics.” Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies (QIJIS) Vol. 9, no. 1 (2021): 175–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/qijis.v9i1.9538.
Zed, Mestika. Metode Penelitian Kepustakaan. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia, 2008. Google.
Zuhri, M. Nurdin, dan Sahiron Syamsuddin. “The Contemporary Qur’anic Exegesis: Tracking Trends in The Interpretation of The Qur’an in Indonesia 2000-2010.” JAWI Vol. 1, no. 1 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/jw.v1i1.2840.
